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National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

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 DRAFT SP 800-39, Managing Risk from Information Systems: An Organizational Perspective

DRAFT SP 800-39, Managing Risk from Information Systems: An Organizational Perspective

NIST announces the release of the initial public draft of Special Publication 800-39, Managing Risk from Information Systems: An Organizational Perspective.

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 Interfaces for Personal Identity Verification

Interfaces for Personal Identity Verification (4 parts): 1- Card Application Namespace, Data Model & Representation 2- Card Appl. Card Command Interface 3- Client Appl. Programming Interface 4- Transitional Interfaces & Data Model

NIST Special Publication 800-73-2, Interfaces for Personal Identity Verification , is now available for a 30 day public comment period.

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 Security Assessment Provider Requirements and Customer Responsibilities: Building a Security Assessment Credentialing Program for Federal Information Systems

DRAFT NIST IR 7328: Security Assessment Provider Requirements and Customer Responsibilities: Building a Security Assessment Credentialing Program for Federal Information Systems

NIST announces the release of draft NIST Interagency Report 7328, Security Assessment Provider Requirements and Customer Responsibilities: Building a Security Assessment Credentialing Program for Federal Information Systems.

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 National Institute of Standards and Technology Issues Draft Information System Security Reference Model

NIST announces the release of five publications: Draft SP 800-110, Information System Security Reference Model, Special Publication (SP) 800-44 version 2, Guidelines on Securing Public Web Servers, Draft SP 800-55 Revision 1, Performance Measurement Guide for Information Security, Draft SP 800-61 Revision 1, Computer Security Incident Handling Guide, and Draft SP 800-82, Guide to Industrial Control Systems (ICS) Security.

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 National Institute of Standards and Technology Issues Draft Guide to Industrial Control Systems (ICS) Security

NIST announces the release of five publications: Draft SP 800-82, Guide to Industrial Control Systems (ICS) Security,Special Publication (SP) 800-44 version 2, Guidelines on Securing Public Web Servers, Draft SP 800-55 Revision 1, Performance Measurement Guide for Information Security, Draft SP 800-61 Revision 1, Computer Security Incident Handling Guide, and Draft SP 800-110, Information System Security Reference Model.

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 National Institute of Standards and Technology Issues Draft of Computer Security Incident Handling Guide

NIST announces the release of five publications: Computer Security Incident Handling Guide, Draft SP 800-82,Special Publication (SP) 800-44 version 2, Guidelines on Securing Public Web Servers, Draft SP 800-55 Revision 1, Performance Measurement Guide for Information Security, Draft SP 800-61 Revision 1, Guide to Industrial Control Systems (ICS) Security, and Draft SP 800-110, Information System Security Reference Model.

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 National Institute of Standards and Technology Issues Performance Measurement Guide for Information Security Draft

NIST announces the release of five publications: Draft SP 800-55 Revision 1, Performance Measurement Guide for Information Security, Draft SP 800-61 Revision 1, Computer Security Incident Handling Guide, Draft SP 800-82, Guide to Industrial Control Systems (ICS) Security, Draft SP 800-110, Information System Security Reference Model, and Special Publication (SP) 800-44 version 2, Guidelines on Securing Public Web Servers.

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 National Institute of Standards and Technology Issues Guidelines on Securing Public Web Servers

NIST announced the release of five publications: Special Publication (SP) 800-44 version 2, Guidelines on Securing Public Web Servers, Draft SP 800-55 Revision 1, Performance Measurement Guide for Information Security, Draft SP 800-61 Revision 1, Computer Security Incident Handling Guide, Draft SP 800-82, Guide to Industrial Control Systems (ICS) Security, and Draft SP 800-110, Information System Security Reference Model.

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 NIST Publication on SSL VPNs Now Available For Public Comment

NIST announces that the following draft Special Publications (SP) are now available for public comment: SP 800-113, Guide to SSL VPNs.

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 NIST Publications on Wireless Security and Bluetooth Available for Public Comment

NIST announces that the following draft Special Publications (SP) are now available for public comment: SP 800-48 Revision 1, Wireless Network Security for IEEE 802.11a/b/g and Bluetooth.

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 NIST Releases Publication on Cryptographic Algorithms and Key Sizes for Personal Identity Verification

NIST is pleased to announce the release of Special Publication 800-78-1, Cryptographic Algorithms and Key Sizes for Personal Identity Verification. The document has been modified to enhance interoperability, simplify the development of relying party applications, and enhance alignment with the National Security Agency's Suite B Cryptography.

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 NIST announces the release of Draft FIPS of Secure Hash Standard (SHS)

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) announces the release of Draft Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 180-3 Publication, Secure Hash Standard (SHS)

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 NIST announces release of Draft FIPS: The Keyed-Hash Message Authentication Code

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) announces the release of Draft Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 198-1 Publication, The Keyed-Hash Message Authentication Code (HMAC).

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 Security Considerations for Voice Over IP Systems - NIST Special Publication 800-58

Because of the integration of voice and data in a single network, establishing a secure VOIP and data network is a complex process that requires greater effort than that required for data-only networks. In particular, start with these general guidelines, recognizing that practical considerations, such as cost or legal requirements, may require adjustments for the organization:

1. Develop appropriate network architecture.

• Separate voice and data on logically different networks if feasible. Different subnets with separate RFC 1918 address blocks should be used for voice and data traffic, with separate DHCP servers for each, to ease the incorporation of intrusion detection and VOIP firewall protection

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 Establishing Wireless Robust Security Networks: A Guide to IEEE 802.11i - NIST Special Publication 800-97

A wireless local area network (WLAN) enables access to computing resources for devices that are not physically connected to a network. WLANs typically operate over a fairly limited range, such as an office building or building campus, and usually are implemented as extensions to existing wired local area networks to enhance user mobility. This guide seeks to assist organizations in better understanding the most commonly used family of standards for WLANs—Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11—focusing on the security enhancements introduced in the IEEE 802.11i amendment. In particular, this guide explains the security features and provides specific recommendations to ensure the security of the operating environment.

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 Guide to Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (IDPS) - NIST Special Publication 800-34

Intrusion detection is the process of monitoring the events occurring in a computer system or network and analyzing them for signs of possible incidents, which are violations or imminent threats of violation of computer security policies, acceptable use policies, or standard security practices. Intrusion prevention is the process of performing intrusion detection and attempting to stop detected possible incidents. Intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDPS)1 are primarily focused on identifying possible incidents, logging information about them, attempting to stop them, and reporting them to security administrators. In addition, organizations use IDPSs for other purposes, such as identifying problems with security policies, documenting existing threats, and deterring individuals from violating security policies. IDPSs have become a necessary addition to the security infrastructure of nearly every organization.

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 Guidelines on Electronic Mail Security - NIST Special Publication 800-45 - Version 2

Electronic mail (email) is perhaps the most popularly used system for exchanging business information over the Internet (or any other computer network). At the most basic level, the email process can be divided into two principal components: (1) mail servers, which are hosts that deliver, forward, and store email; and (2) mail clients, which interface with users and allow users to read, compose, send, and store email. This document addresses the security issues of mail servers and mail clients, including Web-based access to mail.

Mail servers and user workstations running mail clients are frequently targeted by attackers. Because the computing and networking technologies that underlie email are ubiquitous and well-understood by many, attackers are able to develop attack methods to exploit security weaknesses. Mail servers are also targeted because they (and public Web servers) must communicate to some degree with untrusted third parties.

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 Biometric Data Specification for Personal Identity Verification - NIST SP 800-76-1

The Homeland Security Presidential Directive HSPD-12 called for new standards to be adopted governing the interoperable use of identity credentials to allow physical and logical access to Federal government locations and systems. The Personal Identity Verification (PIV) standard for Federal Employees and Contractors, Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS 201), was developed to establish standards for identity credentials. This document, Special Publication 800-76 (SP 800-76), is a companion document to FIPS 201. It describes technical acquisition and formatting specifications for the biometric credentials of the PIV system, including the PIV Card1 itself. It enumerates procedures and formats for fingerprints and facial images by restricting values and practices included generically in published biometric standards. The primary design objective behind these particular specifications is high performance universal interoperability. For the preparation of biometric data suitable for the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) background check, SP 800-76 references FBI documentation, including the ANSI/NIST Fingerprint Standard and the Electronic Fingerprint Transmission Specification. This document does not preclude use of other biometric modalities in conjunction with the PIV card.

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 Recommended Security Controls for Federal Information Systems - NIST Special Publication 800-53, Revision 1

The selection and employment of appropriate security controls for an information system are important tasks that can have major implications on the operations4 and assets of an organization as well as the welfare of individuals. Security controls are the management, operational, and technical safeguards or countermeasures prescribed for an information system to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the system and its information. There are several important questions that should be answered by organizational officials when addressing the security considerations for their information systems:

• What security controls are needed to adequately protect the information systems that support the operations and assets of the organization in order for that organization to accomplish its assigned mission, protect its assets, fulfill its legal responsibilities, maintain its day-to-day functions, and protect individuals?

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 Recommendation for Obtaining Assurances for Digital Signature Applications - NIST Special Publication 800-89

A digital signature is an electronic analogue of a written signature; the digital signature can be used to provide assurance that the claimed signatory signed the information. In addition, a digital signature may be used to detect whether or not the information was modified after it was signed (i.e., to detect the integrity of the signed data). Each signatory has a public and private key and is the owner of that key pair. The private key is used by the owner to generate a digital signature; the public key is used in the signature verification process.

Entities participating in the generation or verification of digital signatures depend on the authenticity of the process. This Recommendation specifies methods for obtaining the assurances necessary for valid digital signatures: assurance of domain parameter validity, assurance of public key validity, assurance that the key pair owner actually possesses the private key, and assurance of the identity of the key pair owner.

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 Computer Security Incident Handling - NIST Special Publication 800-61

Computer security incident response has become an important component of information technology (IT) programs. Security-related threats have become not only more numerous and diverse but also more damaging and disruptive. New types of security-related incidents emerge frequently. Preventative activities based on the results of risk assessments can lower the number of incidents, but not all incidents can be prevented. An incident response capability is therefore necessary for rapidly detecting incidents, minimizing loss and destruction, mitigating the weaknesses that were exploited, and restoring computing services. To that end, this publication provides guidelines for incident handling, particularly for analyzing incident-related data and determining the appropriate response to each incident. The guidelines can be followed independently of particular hardware platforms, operating systems, protocols, or applications.

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 Information Security Handbook - A Guide for Managers - NIST Special Publication 800-100

Introduction

This Information Security Handbook provides a broad overview of information security program elements to assist managers in understanding how to establish and implement an information security program. Typically, the organization looks to the program for overall responsibility to ensure the selection and implementation of appropriate security controls and to demonstrate the effectiveness of satisfying their stated security requirements. The topics within this document were selected based on the laws and regulations relevant to information security, including the Clinger¬Cohen Act of 1996, the Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA) of 2002, and Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-130. The material in this handbook can be referenced for general information on a particular topic or can be used in the decision-making process for developing an information security program. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NISTIR) Interagency Report 7298 provides a summary glossary for the basic security terms used throughout this document. While reading this handbook, please consider that the guidance is not specific to a particular agency. Agencies should tailor this guidance according to their security posture and business requirements.

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 Risk Management Guide for Information Technology Systems - NIST SP 800-30

Every organization has a mission. In this digital era, as organizations use automated information technology (IT) systems1 to process their information for better support of their missions, risk management plays a critical role in protecting an organization's information assets, and therefore its mission, from IT-related risk.

An effective risk management process is an important component of a successful IT security program. The principal goal of an organization's risk management process should be to protect the organization and its ability to perform their mission, not just its IT assets. Therefore, the risk management process should not be treated primarily as a technical function carried out by the IT experts who operate and manage the IT system, but as an essential management function of the organization.

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 An Ontology of Identity Credentials Part 1: Background and Formulation - NIST Special Publication 800-103 Draft

"An ontology is an explicit specification of a conceptualization. The term is borrowed from philosophy, where Ontology is a systematic account of Existence. For Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems, what "exists" is that which can be represented. When the knowledge of a domain is represented in a declarative formalism, the set of objects that can be represented is called the universe of discourse. This set of objects, and the describable relationships among them, are reflected in the representational vocabulary with which a knowledge-based program represents knowledge. Thus, in the context of AI, we can describe the ontology of a program by defining a set of representational terms. In such an ontology, definitions associate the names of entities in the universe of discourse (e.g., classes, relations, functions, or other objects) with human-readable text describing what the names mean, and formal axioms that constrain the interpretation and well-formed use of these terms. Formally, an ontology is the statement of a logical theory. We use common ontologies to describe ontological commitments for a set of agents so that they can communicate about a domain of discourse without necessarily operating on a globally shared theory." [GRUBER]

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 Guidance for Securing Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Systems - Draft - NIST Special Publication 800-98

Like any new technology, RFID presents new security and privacy risks that must be carefully mitigated through management, operational, and technical controls in order to realize the numerous benefits the technology has to offer. When practitioners adhere to sound security engineering principles, RFID technology can help a wide range of organizations and individuals realize substantial productivity gains and efficiencies. These organizations and individuals include hospitals and patients, retailers and customers, and manufacturers and suppliers throughout the supply chain. This guidance document provides an overview of RFID technology, the associated security and privacy risks, and recommended practices that will enable organizations to realize productivity improvements while safeguarding sensitive information and protecting the privacy of individuals.

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a form of automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) technology that uses electric or magnetic fields at radio frequencies to transmit information. An RFID system can be used to identify many types of objects, such as manufactured goods, animals, and people.

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 Guide to Test, Training, and Exercise Programs for IT Plans and Capabilities - Special Publication 800-84

Organizations have information technology (IT) plans in place, such as contingency and computer security incident response plans, so that they can respond to and manage adverse situations involving IT. These plans should be maintained in a state of readiness, which should include having personnel trained to fulfill their roles and responsibilities within a plan, having plans exercised to validate their content, and having systems and system components tested to ensure their operability in an operational environment specified in a plan. These three types of events can be carried out efficiently and effectively through the development and implementation of a test, training, and exercise (TT&E) program. Organizations should consider having such a program in place because tests, training, and exercises are so closely related. For example, exercises and tests offer different ways of identifying deficiencies in IT plans, procedures, and training.

This document provides guidance on designing, developing, conducting, and evaluating TT&E events so that organizations can improve their ability to prepare for, respond to, manage, and recover from adverse events that may affect their missions. The scope of this document is limited to TT&E events for single organizations, as opposed to large-scale events involving multiple organizations, involving internal IT operational procedures for emergencies.

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 Guide to Computer Security Log Management - NIST Special Publication 800-92

A log is a record of the events occurring within an organization’s systems and networks. Logs are composed of log entries; each entry contains information related to a specific event that has occurred within a system or network. Many logs within an organization contain records related to computer security. These computer security logs are generated by many sources, including security software, such as antivirus software, firewalls, and intrusion detection and prevention systems; operating systems on servers, workstations, and networking equipment; and applications.

The number, volume, and variety of computer security logs have increased greatly, which has created the need for computer security log management—the process for generating, transmitting, storing, analyzing, and disposing of computer security log data. Log management is essential to ensuring that computer security records are stored in sufficient detail for an appropriate period of time. Routine log analysis is beneficial for identifying security incidents, policy violations, fraudulent activity, and operational problems.

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 Assessment of Access Control Systems

Adequate security of information and information systems is a fundamental management responsibility. Nearly all applications that deal with financial, privacy, safety, or defense include some form of access control. Access control is concerned with determining the allowed activities of legitimate users, mediating every attempt by a user to access a resource in the system. In some systems, complete access is granted after successful authentication of the user, but most systems require more sophisticated and complex control. In addition to the authentication mechanism (such as a password), access control is concerned with how authorizations are structured. In some cases, authorization may mirror the structure of the organization, while in others it may be based on the sensitivity level of various documents and the clearance level of the user accessing those documents. This publication explains some of the commonly used access control services available in information technology systems.

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 PIV Card to Reader Interoperability Guidelines - NIST Special Publication 800-96

The purpose of this document is to present recommendations for Personal Identity Verification (PIV) card readers in the area of performance and communications characteristics to foster interoperability. This document is not intended to re-state or contradict requirements specifically identified in Federal Information Processing Standard 201 (FIPS 201) or its associated documents. It is intended to augment existing standards to enable agencies to achieve the interoperability goal of Homeland Security Presidential Directive 12 (HSPD-12).

The document provides requirements that facilitate interoperability between any card and any reader. Specifically, the recommendations are for end-point cards and readers designed to read end-point cards.

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 Guidelines on Electronic Mail Security (Draft) - Special Publication 800-45A

Electronic mail (email) is perhaps the most popularly used system for exchanging business information over the Internet (or any other computer network). At the most basic level, the email process can be divided into two principal components: (1) mail servers, which are hosts that deliver, forward, and store mail; (2) clients which interface with users and allow users to read, compose, send, and store email messages. This document addresses the security issues of both mail servers and mail clients.

Mail servers and user workstations running mail clients are frequently targeted by attackers. Because the computing and networking technologies that underlie email are ubiquitous, it is well understood and attackers are able to develop attack methods to exploit the technology. Mail servers are also targeted because they (and public Web servers) must communicate to some degree with untrusted third parties. Additionally, email clients have been targeted as an effective means of inserting malware into machines and of propagating this code to other machines.

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 Guide to Intrusion Detection and Prevention (IDP) Systems (Draft) - Special Publication 800-94

Intrusion detection is the process of monitoring the events occurring in a computer system or network and analyzing them for signs of potential incidents, which are violations or imminent threats of violation of computer security policies, acceptable use policies, or standard security practices. Intrusion prevention is the process of performing intrusion detection and attempting to stop detected potential incidents. Intrusion detection and prevention (IDP) systems are primarily focused on identifying potential incidents, logging information about them, attempting to stop them, and reporting them to security administrators. In addition, organizations use IDPs for other purposes, such as identifying problems with security policies, documenting existing threats, and deterring individuals from violating security policies. IDPs have become a necessary addition to the security infrastructure of nearly every organization.

IDPs typically record information related to observed events, notify security administrators of important observed events, and produce reports. Many IDPs can also respond to a detected threat by attempting to prevent it from succeeding. They use several response techniques, which involve the IDP stopping the attack itself, changing the security environment (e.g., reconfiguring a firewall), or changing the attack’s content.

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 Guide to Secure Web Services (Draft) - Special Publication 800-95

The advance of Web services technologies promises to have far-reaching effects on the Internet and enterprise networks. Web services based on the eXtensible Markup Language (XML), Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP), and related open standards, and deployed in Service Oriented Architectures (SOA) allow data and applications to interact without human intervention through dynamic and ad hoc connections. Web services technology can be implemented in a wide variety of architectures, can co-exist with other technologies and software design approaches, and can be adopted in an evolutionary manner without requiring major transformations to legacy applications and databases.

The security challenges presented by the Web services approach are formidable and unavoidable. Many of the features that make Web services attractive, including greater accessibility of data, dynamic application-to-application connections, and relative autonomy (lack of human intervention) are at odds with traditional security models and controls.

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 Information Technology Security Training Requirements: A Role- and Performance-Based Model - NIST Special Publication 800-16

1.1 Background

Federal agencies and organizations cannot protect the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of information in today's highly networked systems environment without ensuring that each person involved understands their roles and responsibilities and is adequately trained to perform them. The human factor is so critical to success that the Computer Security Act of 1987 (Public Law [P.L.] 100-235) required that, "Each agency shall provide for the mandatory periodic training in computer security awareness and accepted computer practices of all employees who are involved with the management, use, or operation of each Federal computer system within or under the supervision of that agency."

In accordance with P.L. 100-235, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), working with the U.S. Office of Personnel Management (OPM), was charged with developing and issuing guidelines for Federal computer security training. This requirement was satisfied by NIST's issuance of "Computer Security Training Guidelines" (Special Publication [SP] 500¬172) in November 1989. In January 1992, OPM issued a revision to the Federal personnel regulations which made these voluntary guidelines mandatory. This regulation, 5 CFR Part 930, is entitled "Employees Responsible for the Management or Use of Federal Computer Systems" and requires Federal agencies to provide training as set forth in NIST guidelines.

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 Building an Information Security Technology Awareness and Training Program - NIST Special Publication 800-50

NIST Special Publication 800-50, Building An Information Technology Security Awareness and Training Program, provides guidance for building an effective information technology (IT) security program and supports requirements specified in the Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA) of 2002 and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-130, Appendix III. A strong IT securityprogram cannot be put in place without significant attention given to training agency IT users on securitypolicy, procedures, and techniques, as well as the various management, operational, and technical controls necessary and available to secure IT resources. In addition, those in the agency who manage the IT infrastructure need to have the necessary skills to carry out their assigned duties effectively. Failure to give attention to the area of security training puts an enterprise at great risk because security of agencyresources is as much a human issue as it is a technology issue.

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 Guidance for Securing Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition

NIST is pleased to announce the release of draft Special Publication 800-69, Guidance for Securing Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition: A NIST Security Configuration Checklist. SP 800-69 provides guidance to home users, such as telecommuting Federal employees, on improving the security of their home computers that run Windows XP Home Edition. Home computers face many threats from people wanting to cause mischief and disruption, commit fraud, and perform identity theft. The publication explains the need to use a combination of security protections, such as antivirus software, antispyware software, a personal firewall, limited user accounts, and automatic software updates, to secure a computer against threats and maintain its security. It also emphasizes the importance of performing regular backups to ensure that user data is available after an adverse event such as an attack against the computer, a hardware failure, or human error. The publication contains detailed step-by-step directions for securing Windows XP Home Edition computers that can be performed by experienced Windows XP Home Edition users.

NIST requests comments on NIST SP 800-69 by August 31, 2006. Please submit comments to itsec@nist.gov with "Comments SP800-69/XPHome" in the subject line.

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 Recommended Security Controls for Federal Information Systems

THE NEED FOR SECURITY CONTROLS TO PROTECT INFORMATION SYSTEMS

The selection and employment of appropriate security controls for an information system are important tasks that can have major implications on the operations and assets of an IT organization as well as the welfare of individuals. Security controls are the management, operational, and technical safeguards or countermeasures prescribed for an information system to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the system and its information. There are several important questions that should be answered by organizational officials when addressing the security considerations for their information systems:

- What security controls are needed to adequately protect the information systems that support the operations and assets of the organization in order for that organization to accomplish its assigned mission, protect its assets, fulfill its legal responsibilities, maintain its day-to-day functions, and protect individuals?

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 Cryptographic Algorithms and Key Sizes for Personal Identity Verification

The Homeland Security Presidential Directive (HSPD) 12 mandated the creation of new standards for interoperable identity credentials for physical and logical access to Federal government locations and systems. Federal Information Processing Standard 201 (FIPS 201), Personal Identity Verification (PIV) of Federal Employees and Contractors, was developed to establish standards for identity credentials [FIPS201-1]. This document, Special Publication 800-78-1, specifies the cryptographic algorithms and key sizes for PIV systems and is a companion document to FIPS 201.

1.1 Authority

This document has been developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in furtherance of its statutory responsibilities under the Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA) of 2002, Public Law 107-347.

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 Recommendation for Random Number Generation Using Deterministic Random Bit Generators

This publication is not from one of the Federal or State Banking Agencies, but given our extremely diverse audience, this will be of interest to organizations and individuals responsible for developing and maintaining security plans and programs.

This Recommendation specifies techniques for the generation of random bits that may then be used directly or converted to random numbers when random values are required by applications using cryptography.

There are two fundamentally different strategies for generating random bits. One strategy is to produce bits non-deterministically, where every bit of output is based on a physical process that is unpredictable; this class of random bit generators (RBGs) is commonly known as non-deterministic random bit generators (NRBGs). The other strategy is to compute bits deterministically using an algorithm; this class of RBGs is known as Deterministic Random Bit Generators (DRBGs).

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 Guide to IEEE 802.11i: Establishing Robust Security Networks

NIST is pleased to announce the release of draft Special Publication (SP) 800-97, Guide to IEEE 802.11i: Robust Security Networks. SP 800-97 provides detailed information on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11i standard for wireless local area network (WLAN) security. IEEE 802.11i provides security enhancements over the previous 802.11 security method, Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP), which has several well-documented security deficiencies. IEEE 802.11i introduces a range of new security features that are designed to overcome the shortcomings of WEP. This document explains these security features and provides specific recommendations to ensure the security of the WLAN operating environment. It gives extensive guidance on protecting the confidentiality and integrity of WLAN communications, authenticating users and devices using several methods, and incorporating WLAN security considerations into each phase of the WLAN life cycle. The document complements, and does not replace, NIST SP 800-48, Wireless Network Security: 802.11, Bluetooth and Handheld Devices.

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 Information Security Handbook: A Guide for Managers

This Information Security Handbook provides a broad overview of information security program elements to assist managers in understanding how to establish and implement an information security program.

The purpose of this publication is to inform members of the information security management team [agency heads, chief information officers (CIO), senior agency information security officers (SAISO), and security managers] about various aspects of information security that they will be expected to implement and oversee in their respective organizations. In addition, the handbook provides guidance for facilitating a more consistent approach to information security programs across the federal government. Even though the terminology in this document is geared toward the federal sector, the handbook can also be used to provide guidance on a variety of other governmental, organizational, or institutional security requirements.

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 Secure Domain Name System (DNS) Deployment Guide

The Internet is the world's largest computing network, with hundreds of millions of users. From the perspective of a user, each node or resource on this network is identified by a unique name - the domain name - such as www.nist.gov. However, from the perspective of network equipment that routes communications across the Internet, the unique identifier for a resource is an Internet Protocol (IP) address, such as 172.30.128.27. To access Internet resources by user-friendly domain names rather than IP addresses, users need a system that translates domain anme to IP addresses and back. This translation is the primary task of the Domain Name System (DNS).

The DNS infrastructure is made up of computing and communication entities that are geographically distributed throughout the world. There are more than 250 top-level domains, such as .gov and .com, and several million second-level domains, such as nist.gov and ietf.org. Accordinaly, there are many name servers in the DNS infrastructure, which each contain information about a small portion of the domain name space. The DNS infrastructure functions through collaboration among the various entities involved. The domain name data provded by DNS is intended to be available to any computer located anywhere in the Internet.

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 Guide for Developing Performance Metrics for Information Security

This publication focuses on developing and implementing information security metrics for an information security program. The processes and methodologies described in this guidance link information security performance to agency performance by leveraging agency-level strategic planning processes. The performance metrics developed according to this guide will enhance the ability of agencies to respond to a variety of federal government mandates and initiatives, including the Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA) and the President's Management Agenda (PMA).

The goal of each agency information security program is to provide the appropriate level of protection to the agency's information resources. Information security has become an essential business function, critical to enabling agencies to conduct their operations and eliver services to the public. Each agency's information security pgrogram provides direct support to the agency mission. Information security performance metrics provide a means for the monitoring and reporting of agency implementation of security controls. They also help assess the effectiveness of these controls in appropriately protecting agency information resources in support of the agency's mission.

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 NIST Special Publication 800-73-1, Interfaces for Personal Identity Verification

The Homeland Security Presidential Directive HSPD-12 called for a common identification standard to be adopted governing the interoperable use of identity credentials to allow physical and logical access to Federal government locations and systems. The Personal Identity Verification (PIV) of Federal Employees and Contractors, Federal Information Processing Standard 201 (FIPS 201) [4] was developed to establish standards for identity credentials. This document, Special Publication 800-73 (SP 800-73), specifies interface requirements for retrieving and using the identity credentials from the PIV Card and is a companion document to FIPS 201.

Authority

This document has been developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in furtherance of its statutory responsibilities under the Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA) of 2002, Public Law 107-347.

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